|
|
| Molybdenum | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,13,1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d5 5s1 |
| Ground state | 7S3 |
| Atomic Volume | 9.4 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 2.16 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.17 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.122 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 5400 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 653 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 27.6 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 589.9 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 24.06 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 138 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 4.8 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 1500 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 5.5 |
| Vickers hardness | 1530 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 230 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.31 |
| Shear modulus | 20 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 329 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 5 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.8949 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.6 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 88.6 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
7.099 |
| Second
|
16.461 |
| Third
|
27.16 |
| Incompatibilities | Strong oxidizers. |
| Flammability |
|
| Combusrible Solid in powder form
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
17.47934 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
17.3743 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 17.1) |
19.6083 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 3.6) |
19.9613 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 8) |
19.5858 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
2.29316 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
2.28985 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 45) |
2.39481 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 3.9) |
2.5183 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 4.5) |
2.4725 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
2.4559 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 0.3) |
2.6235 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 2) |
2.12 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 4) |
2.0131 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
145 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
190 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
145 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
113 pm |
| Metallic
|
139 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | VI | 0.83 | 0.69 | E |
| 4 | VI | 0.79 | 0.65 | RM |
| 5 | IV | 0.6 | 0.46 | R |
| VI | 0.75 | 0.61 | R | |
| 6 | IV | 0.55 | 0.41 | R* |
| V | 0.64 | 0.5 | ||
| VI | 0.73 | 0.59 | R* | |
| VII | 0.87 | 0.73 | ||
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Mo+6 |
| Other
|
Mo-2, Mo0, Mo+1, Mo+2, Mo+3, Mo+4, Mo+5 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
685 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1558 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
2621 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
4480 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
5900 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
6560 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
12230 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
14800 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
16800 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
19700 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 2742 | 2994 | 3312 | 3707 | 4212 | 4879 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Body centred cubic |
 |
a = 314.7 pm |
| b = 314.7 pm | |
| c = 314.7 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |